Explaining The Purpose Of The Main Financial Statements Finance Essay

Explaining The Purpose Of The Main Financial Statements Finance Essay A financial statement (or financial report) is a formal record of the financial activities of a business, person, or other entity. In British English-including United Kingdom company law-a financial statement is often referred to as an account, although the term financial statement is also used, particularly by accountants. For a business enterprise, all the relevant financial information, presented in a structured manner and in a form easy to understand, are called the financial statements. They typically include four basic financial statements: Balance sheet: also referred to as statement of financial position or condition, reports on a companys assets, liabilities, and Ownership equity at a given point in time. Income statement: also referred to as Profit and Loss statement (or a PL), reports on a companys income, expenses, and profits over a period of time. Profit Loss account provide information on the operation of the enterprise. These include sale and the various expenses incurred during the processing state. Statement of retained earnings: explains the changes in a companys retained earnings over the reporting period. Statement of cash flows: reports on a companys cash flow activities, particularly its operating, investing and financing activities. For large corporations, these statements are often complex and may include an extensive set of notes to the financial statements and management discussion and analysis. The notes typically describe each item on the balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement in further detail. Notes to financial statements are considered an integral part of the financial statements. The Balance Sheet The balance sheets purpose is to show the assets of the company. Balance sheets are based on a fix point called a reporting perioda day, a month, a quarter, a year. A quick glance at a balance sheet will show you what the company owns and how much it owes. Balance sheets include assets (property, cash, anything owned of value), liabilities (debt owed) and shareholders equity. Income Statements Income statements show the revenue earned during a reporting period.  Included in this report are the expenses and cost of creating the revenue. Once the expenses and costs are removed from the total revenue, the bottom line of the report reveals whether or not the company lost money or made money. This report is sometimes referred to as the profit and loss statement. Another feature of the income statement is the EPS, or earnings per share. This reveals what a shareholder would receive if you were being paid dividends per each share owned. Cash Flow Statements Cash on hand is important because it supports the daily activities of a business. There must be enough cash on hand to pay expenses and buy assets as needed. Cash flow statements track the inflow and outflow of cash. They reveal whether or not cash was generated by the business. The data for a cash flow statement comes from an income statement and the balance sheet. The cash flow statement reveals net decreases or increases of cash for the reporting period. Retained Earnings Once liabilities and assets are known and a balance sheet is created, it is known whether or not the shareholders have a positive or negative equity. From the equity is taken retained earnings. Retained earnings are broken down and explained in the statement of retained earnings. This statement reveals what the company keeps and does not distribute to the owners and how that amount changes over the reporting period. Losses are called accumulated losses, retained losses or accumulated deficit. Financial Statements Once a set of financial statements are prepared they can be used for loan applications, fund-raising or to place a value on a business. But they are typically used for making business decisions that will affect operations. The numbers and calculations in the financial statements are also used to calculate ratios and make further analysis. Common figures derived are operating margins, debt-to-equity ratio, P/E, working capital and inventory turnover Purpose of financial statements by business entities The objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of an enterprise that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions. Financial statements should be understandable, relevant, reliable and comparable. Reported assets, liabilities and equity are directly related to an organizations financial position. Reported income and expenses are directly related to an organizations financial performance. Financial statements are intended to be understandable by readers who have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and accounting and who are willing to study the information diligently. Financial statements may be used by users for different purposes: Owners and managers require financial statements to make important business decisions that affect its continued operations. Financial analysis is then performed on these statements to provide management with a more detailed understanding of the figures. These statements are also used as part of managements annual report to the stockholders. Employees also need these reports in making collective bargaining agreements (CBA) with the management, in the case of labor unions or for individuals in discussing their compensation, promotion and rankings. Prospective investors make use of financial statements to assess the viability of investing in a business. Financial analyses are often used by investors and are prepared by professionals (financial analysts), thus providing them with the basis for making investment decisions. Financial institutions (banks and other lending companies) use them to decide whether to grant a company with fresh working capital or extend debt securities (such as a long-term bank loan or debentures) to finance expansion and other significant expenditures. Government entities (tax authorities) need financial statements to ascertain the propriety and accuracy of taxes and other duties declared and paid by a company. Vendors who extend credit to a business require financial statements to assess the creditworthiness of the business. Media and the general public are also interested in financial statements for a variety of reasons. Financial ratio analysis groups the ratios into categories which tell us about different facets of a companys finances and operations. An overview of some of the categories of ratios is given below. * Leverage Ratios which show the extent that debt is used in a companys capital structure. * Liquidity Ratios which give a picture of a companys short term financial situation or solvency. * Operational Ratios which use turnover measures to show how efficient a company is in its operations and use of assets. * Profitability Ratios which use margin analysis and show the return on sales and capital employed. * Solvency Ratios which give a picture of a companys ability to generate cash flow and pay it financial obligations. Differences between the formats of financial statements for 3 different type of business- sole proprietorship, partnership and Limited company Government financial statements The rules for the recording, measurement and presentation of government financial statements may be different from those required for business and even for non-profit organizations. They may use either of two accounting methods: accrual accounting, or cash accounting, or a combination of the two (OCBOA). A complete set of chart of accounts is also used that is substantially different from the chart of a profit-oriented business Financial statements of non-profit organizations The financial statements of non-profit organizations that publish financial statements, such as charitable organizations and large voluntary associations, tend to be simpler than those of for-profit corporations. Often they consist of just a balance sheet and a statement of activities (listing income and expenses) similar to the Profit and Loss statement of a for-profit. Personal financial statements Personal financial statements may be required from persons applying for a personal loan or financial aid. Typically, a personal financial statement consists of a single form for reporting personally held assets and liabilities (debts), or personal sources of income and expenses, or both. The form to be filled out is determined by the organization supplying the loan or aid. Differences between Sole Proprietorship, Partnership Corporation I want to do this! Whats This? There are a number of different types of business organizations an individual or a group can form. However, three of the most common types of business organizations are sole proprietorships, partnerships and corporations. These three types of businesses are similar in some ways, but a number of differences are important to note. Formation A sole proprietorship or a partnership may be formed without filing any formal paperwork. The creators of a corporation, however, must file a document known as the articles of incorporation. Liability The owner(s) of a sole proprietorship or a partnership may be held liable for any business activity and/or obligation. Corporate shareholders, however, usually are liable only for the amount they invested. Record Keeping Corporations are required to keep strict records of meetings and other similar administrative activities, while a sole proprietorship or a partnership typically is not required to do so. Size A sole proprietorship can have only a single owner, but a partnership or a corporation may have any number of owners. Taxes The owner of a sole proprietorship is required only to report the business earnings on her tax return, while a corporation or a partnership must file a separate return for the business. BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENT FORMAT PARTNERSHIP When preparing financial statements by hand the Income Statement would usually be prepared first because the net income or loss becomes part of the Statement of Partners Capital. The Statement of Partners Capital is usually prepared second because the ending partners capital balances become part of the Balance Sheet. Corporations are subject to income taxes but sole proprietorships and partnerships are not. Otherwise the income statements of each are identical. Income Statement (single-step format): HANSON RETAIL FOOD STORE Income Statement Year Ended December 31, 2006 Net Sales $262,000 Rent revenue 6,900 Interest revenue 1,400 Total Revenue 270,300 Expenses: Cost of Goods Sold $159,000 Salaries and wages 45,000 Advertising 12,400 Freight out 4,000 Depreciation 5,000 Taxes and licenses 3,000 Rent 6,300 Interest expense 350 Loss on sale of assets 250 Property taxes 2,000 Total expense 237,300 Net Income (loss) $ 33,000 ======== Owners equity statements of corporations are called Statement of Retained Earnings, those of sole proprietorships are called Statement of Capital and those of partnerships are called Statement of Partners Capital. Statement of Partners Capital: HANSEN RETAIL FOOD STORE Statement of Partners Capital Year Ended December 31, 2005 John Soo Mary Doe Totals Beginning balance $ 24,000 $ 33,000 $ 57,000 Net income (loss) 16,500 16,500 33,000 40,500 49,500 90,000 Withdrawals 500 1,500 2,000 Ending balance $ 40,000 $ 48,000 $ 88,000 =========== =========== ====== Balance Sheets of corporations have a Shareholders Equity section whereas sole proprietorships have an Owners Capital section and partnerships have a Partners Capital section. Otherwise the Balance Sheets would be identical. Balance Sheet: HANSEN RETAIL FOOD STORE Balance Sheet December 31, 2006 ASSETS Current Assets: Cash $ 3,000 Short-term investments/marketable securities 6,000 Accounts receivable, net 5,000 Inventory 10,000 Prepaid rent 2,000 Office supplies on hand 1,000 Total current assets 27,000 Long-Lived Assets: Long-term investments $ 10,000 Land 35,000 Building 86,000 Machinery equipment 50,000 Less accumulated depreciation ( 23,000) Patents 4,000 Total long-lived assets 162,000 Total Assets $189,000 ======== LIABILITIES Current Liabilities: Accounts payable $ 4,200 Notes payable 15,000 Interest payable 1,000 Wages payable 800 Total current liabilities 21,000 Long-Term Liabilities: Mortgage payable $ 30,000 Bonds payable 50,000 Total long-term liabilities 80,000 Total Liabilities 101,000 PARTNERS CAPITAL John Soo, Capital 40,000 Mary Doe, Captial 48,000 Total Partners Capital 88,000 Total Liabilities and Owners Equity $189,000 TASK 2 Last Year Current Ratio = C.A / C.L = 21 / 15 = 1.4 Acid Test = C.A / C.L = 15 / 15 = 0 Net Profit Margin = N.P / Sales =37/499 =0.07 Gross Profit Margin = G.P / Sales =99/499 =0.20 Return on Capital Employed = N.P / Equit + Debt = 17 / 75 = 0.23 Return on Ordinary Share holder fund = N.P after tax / Ordinary share holder equity = 17 / 14 = 1.2 Average Stock Turnover period = Avg Stock / CGS * 365 = 6 /400 X 365 =5.5 =6days Current Year Current Ratio = C.A / C.L = 11 / 11 = 0 Acid Test = C.A / C.L = 7 / 11 = 0.64 Net Profit Margin = N.P / Sales = 32 / 502 = 0. 06 Gross Profit Margin = G.P / Sales = 132 / 502 = 0.26 Return on Capital Employed = N.P / Equit + Debt = 5 / 79 = 0.06 Return on Ordinary Share holder fund = N.P after tax / Ordinary share holder equity = 5 / 14 = 0.36 Average Stock Turnover period = Avg Stock / CGS * 365 = 4 / 370365 =3.95 = 4 days

Why Tobacco Advertising Should Be Made Illigal

Tobacco advertising should be made illegal. First of all it is correspondent with growing death rate. In average, over 400  000 people die from tobacco usage every year. We should not support tobacco advertising when it is harmful to everyone. The only kind of advertising that has to deal with tobacco should be associated with stop smoking.Such advertising should help people to bring up smoking or should inform people about risks of smoking and about consequences that are involved. Comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promoting can result in a considerable reduction of tobacco consumption on a national level. Tobacco advertising should be banned from television, billboards, magazines, the internet and other places where one might find the advertising.Tobacco advertising is one of the worst kinds of advertising because it is pretty much telling everyone that it is okay to smoke because others are doing it also. Furthermore, tobacco advertising must be forbidden because it w ould be the most effective among teenagers, the easiest to be influenced by bad examples, fashions and emulation because of their psychological immaturity that lead them to adopt smoking as a mask to appear and feel themselves more adult.Tobacco advertising must be banned forever only thinking to how much the cures against cancer, too frequently useless, are expensive for the sanitary systems of all the world; these very high costs have surely never been paid by tobacco multinationals, except for the damages paid, after recent long trials, to a minimum part of the victims of this â€Å"trendy† and â€Å"safe† vice.

Definition and Examples of Inflections in English Grammar

Inflection refers to  a process of word formation in which items are added to the base form of a word to express grammatical meanings. The word inflection comes from the Latin inflectere, meaning to bend. Inflections in English grammar include the genitive s; the plural -s; the third-person singular -s; the past tense -d, -ed, or -t; the negative particle nt; -ing forms of verbs; the comparative -er; and the superlative -est. While inflections take a variety of forms, they are most often prefixes or suffixes. They are used to express different grammatical categories. For example, the inflection  -s  at the end of dogs shows that the noun is plural. The same  inflection  -s  at the end of  runs  shows that the subject is in the third-person singular (s/he runs). The inflection -ed is often used to indicate the past tense, changing walk to walked and listen to listened. In this way, inflections are used to show grammatical categories such as  tense,  person, and number. Inflections can also be used to indicate a words part of speech. The prefix en-, for example, transforms the noun gulf into the verb engulf. The suffix -er transforms the verb read into the noun reader. In The Frameworks of English, Kim Ballard writes, When considering inflections, it can...be helpful to use the notion of a  stem.  A stem is what remains of a word when any inflections are removed from it. In other words, inflections are added to the stem of a word. So  frogs  is made up of the stem frog  and the inflection  -s, while  turned  is made up of the stem  turn  and the inflection  -ed. Inflection Rules English words follow different rules for inflection based on their part of speech and grammatical category. The most common rules are listed below. Part of Speech Grammatical Category Inflection Examples Noun Number -s, -es Flower → FlowersGlass → Glasses Noun, Pronoun Case (Genitive) -'s, -', -s Paul → Paul'sFrancis → Francis'It → Its Pronoun Case (Reflexive) -self, -selves Him → HimselfThem → Themselves Verb Aspect (Progressive) -ing Run → Running Verb Aspect (Perfect) -en, -ed Fall → (Has) fallenFinish → (Has) finished Verb Tense (Past) -ed Open → Opened Verb Tense (Present) -s Open → Opens Adjective Degree of Comparison (Comparative) -er Smart → Smarter Adjective Degree of Comparison (Superlative) -est Smart → Smartest Not all English words follow the rules in this table. Some are inflected using sound changes known as vowel alternations, the most common of which are ablauts and umlauts. The word teach, for example, is marked as past tense by changing its vowel sound, producing the word  taught (rather than teached). Likewise, the word goose is pluralized by changing its vowel sound to produce the word geese. Other irregular plurals include words like oxen, children, and teeth. Some words, such as must and ought, are never inflected at all, no matter the context in which they appear. These words are considered invariant. Many animal nouns share the same singular and plural forms, including bison, deer, moose, salmon, sheep, shrimp, and squid. Conjugation The inflection of English verbs is also known as conjugation. Regular verbs follow the rules listed above and consist of three parts: the base verb (present tense), the base verb plus -ed (simple past tense), and the base verb plus -ed (past participle). For example, following these rules, the verb look (as in, I look around the room) becomes, in both the simple past tense and the past participle, looked (I looked around the room, I have looked around the room). While most verbs follow these conjugation rules, there are over 200 words in the English language that do not. These irregular verbs include be, begin, bid, bleed, catch, deal, drive, eat, feel, find, forget, go, grow, hang, have, hide, leave, lose, meet, pay, prove, ride, ring, seek, send, shall, shine, show, sing, spin, steal, take, tear, wear, and win. Since these words do not follow the rules for most English verbs, their unique conjugations must be learned on their own. ​Sources S. Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1996.R. Carter and M. McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge University Press, 2006.Kim Ballard, The Frameworks of English: Introducing Language Structures, 3rd ed. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.A. C. Baugh, A History of the English Language, 1978.Simon Horobin,  How English Became English. Oxford University Press, 2016.

Book Report On Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee

Lucas Garvey Mrs. Tavares H. English 10 21 May 2016 Inequality in American Society Today The book To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee is a book based around social inequality present in Maycomb county in the 1930’s. The novel takes place in Maycomb, a small town in southern Alabama. The book is also during the 1930s depression era. Lee s novel is told from the perspective of a young girl, Jean Louise Finch, who s nickname is Scout. Scout grows up in a racist, and intricate world. She struggles to understand subjects like rape, racism, and discrimination. To her, racism seems very unfair, and it is difficult to comprehend why people are so mean to each other. Lee introduces a mystery character Arthur Radley or in the story named â€Å"Boo†. Boo is rumored to have him stabbed his own father with a pair of scissors. After that Boo was never heard from again. It is assumed that he is still in the Radley Place by the kids . After Mr. Radley died, his brother, Nathan Radley seemed to have taken over at a father position. The book begins to focus more on the court case between Tom Robinson and the Ewells. There is quite a bit of controversy in Maycomb about Atticus, Scout s father, who is defending Tom Robinson who is a black man accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman. The issue of this case was that it was held in a Alabama court room with a all white male jury with high prejudices against black people. Atticus knew that he would not win the case but he wasn t aShow MoreRelatedBook Report On Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee3277 Words   |  14 PagesDeyl English 10 Honors 23 June 2014 Summer Journal Entry: To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Chapter 1- The foundation of Maycomb Proceeding to read and slowly unravel the story within the text was something that clearly required focus to understand Harper Lee’s message, which was one that has yet to be understood in this point in time. However, as I found myself analyzing the story, I begin to discover the foundation that Harper Lee’s story builds from. She chooses to tell this story throughRead MoreOf English 10. 8 May 2017. Ryan Memmer. 6Th Period. Mrs.1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe Story of Harper Lee There are many famous authors in the world known today. These authors put in the work required and sacrificed much of their time. Harper Lee is one of these authors who faced obstacles in her life. She published many different works and had a successful career. Even though there were challenges she had to endeavor, nevertheless she showed perseverance because of her dedication. Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama. Harper Lee gets her nameRead More The Life of Nelle Harper Lee Essay808 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life of Nelle Harper Lee On April 28, 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born to Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. Along with her siblings, Alice, Louise, and Edwin, Harper was educated in Monroeville Public Schools before going on to attend Huntingdon College in Montgomery, Alabama. After a year at Huntingdon, Lee decided to follow in the footsteps of her father and began studying law at the University of Alabama in 1945 [2]. She left there to study abroad at OxfordRead MoreA Prejudice Society in To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee745 Words   |  3 Pages To Kill a Mocking Bird follows Scout through her narration of life and witnesses the events that society produces. As Scouts understanding of the prejudice society she lives in grows her innocence is destroyed in the process. In her novel To Kill a Mocking Bird, Harper Lee symbolically uses Mocking Birds to show the destruction of innocence. A way Harper Lee presented the Mockingbirds role in society, was by asserting in the novel that to destroy its innocence, would be a sin and should notRead MoreAn Unfortunate Truth: To Kill a Mockingbird717 Words   |  3 PagesIt has been over fifty years since Harper Lee wrote her classic book, To Kill a Mockingbird (TKM). â€Å"Harper Lee’s work is so powerful and popular that it has never been out of print,† (Price). Since then, the outside world has changed with significance. People wear jeans instead of slacks, pocket calculators have more computing power than the rocket that put humans on the moon, and culture is advancing faster than the rocket’s return. Through all these changes that have taken place since 1960, TKMRead MoreExamples Of Society In To Kill A Mockingbird809 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly judged. 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In the Emmett Till article, there is evidence of ignorance in the way Till doesnt understand the southern wayRead MoreRacism : An Integrated Part Of Modern Society1200 Words   |  5 Pagescommunities within our society. How often have were heard the quote â€Å"Not all Muslims are terrorists, but nearly all terrorists are Muslims.† it has been expressed in chants, and been told on mainstream, western media. CNN on January 10th, 2010 released a report showing that since 1980 only 7% of terror attacks have been committed by islamist extremists. Racism is still largely prevalent is our modern society, major organisations such as the United Nations have pledged remove racism and eliminate racial discriminationRead More Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird In the early twentieth century, the United States was undergoing a dramatic social change. Slavery had been abolished decades before, but the southern states were still attempting to restrict social interaction among people of different races. In particular, blacks were subject to special Jim Crow laws which restricted their rights and attempted to keep the race inferior to whites. Even beyond these laws, however, blacks were feeling the pressure of prejudiceRead MoreThe Significance of the Title To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe Significance of the Title To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee In this novel the most significant symbol is the mocking bird. A mocking bird is a type of Finch: a small, discrete bird with a beautiful song, which mocks or imitates the other birds song. One of the most explicit references made about mocking birds is that in chapter 10. Atticus is telling Scout and Jem how top use their shotguns for the first time, he says, Shoot all the bluejays you want, if

old age problem - 3598 Words

PROBLEMS 0F OLD AGE SHIJO RAPHEL CONTENTS Introduction Definition Characteristic of old age Social cause of old age problem Current statistics related to the old age problem Solution and remedial measure to solve old age problem Action taken by trainee for solving the problem Comments and suggestion Conclusion Introduction The elderly population in India is continuously increasing and also the problems faced by these people are increasing simultaneously. The number of people in old age homes is constantly increasing and also most of the parents are now deciding to live in old age homes rather than living with their children. Nowadays†¦show more content†¦As far as possible, elderly who are capable, should be encouraged, and if necessary, supported to be engaged in some economically productive manner. Others who are incapable of supporting themselves should be provided with partial or full social welfare grants that at least provide for their basic needs. Families and communities may be encouraged to support the elderly living with them through counseling and local self-governance. Neglect The elderly, especially those who are weak and/or dependent, require physical, mental and emotional care and support. When this is not provided, they suffer from neglect, a problem that occurs when a person is left uncared for and that is often linked with isolation. Changing lifestyles and values, demanding jobs, distractions such as television, a shift to nuclear family structures and redefined priorities have led to increased neglect of the elderly by families and communities. This is worsened as the elderly are less likely to demand attention than those of other age groups. The best way to address neglect of the elderly is to counsel families, sensitise community leaders and address the issue at all levels in different forums, including the print and audio-visual media. Schools and work places offer opportunities where younger generations can be addressed in groups. Government and non-government agencies need to take this issue up seriously at all these levels. In extreme situations, legal action andShow MoreRelatedProblem of Old Age1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe Problems of Old Age The old age is an integral part of human life. It is the evening of life. It is unavoidable, undesirable, unwelcome and problem- ridden phase of life. But it is really interesting to note that everybody wants to live a long life, but not to be old. It is ironical that however undesirable the old age, it is bound to come in life. A man is compelled to go through the pains and pleasures of this age like the other phases of life before making an exit from this mortal worldRead MoreBullying Is An Old Age Problem Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pages Bullying has been an old age problem since the beginning of time, which is still a problem till this day in age. No matter what stage someone might be in life, there is a possibility that you may have been in the position of a victim, bully, and/or bully-victim? An aggressive behavior of bullying might be seen as an act that begins in early childhood and decreases around late adolescence years, but that isn’t the case. Regrettably, being ha rassed or tormented by aggressor can continue in a higherRead MoreAgeism Essay924 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscrimination a person may encounter is ageism. Ageism is defined as prejudice against a certain age group. Whether that a young age such as teenagers, or an older age such as senior citizens. Ageism is everywhere. In the media of today’s world and in jobs. A common belief is ageism only targets those who are older in age, but this is not true. Teenagers and younger can face discrimination as well because of their age. The time between childhood and adulthood can be looked at as the teenage years. The groupRead MoreEssay about Mumbais Elderly Issues1433 Words   |  6 Pagesmetropolitan areas in India, Mumbai is the second largest metropolitan area with lots of population. It is estimated to have population of 13 million people. The population pyramid of Mumbai is â€Å"young† shape which means it has more children and adults than old age people. It has a population density of 55,794 people per square miles. So it is very dense and crowded city where one can see lots of people moving around, vendors on the streets selling their product, cars and buses, rickshaw on the roads. AlthoughRead MoreThe Effects Of Health Literacy And Socioeconomic Status On Older Adult s Ability1462 Words   |  6 PagesHealth care systems these days a re very efficient. Everyone accesses the health care system if there is any health related problem. But the extent to which people in society can access health facilities available to them can vary depending on various factors such as health literacy and socioeconomic status. ‘Health literacy represents the cognitive and social skills that determine a person’s motivation and ability to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintainRead MoreThe Dangers of Road Life1421 Words   |  6 PagesPeople think teenagers are the only horrid drivers. What they don’t think about is that there’s an age group of drivers who are far worse than teenagers. Statistics show that people over the age of seventy cause more accidents and are in more accidents than teenage drivers. In 2008, more than 5,500 elders were killed in car accidents, and more than 183,00 were injured in car accidents(Older Adult Drivers). There are many reasons why elderly drivers are more likely to get into accidents that teenagersRead MoreEssay on Ageism: A Constant Disregard in Society1714 Words   |  7 PagesAgeism, as defined by Oxford dictionary, is â€Å"prejudice or discrimination on the grounds of age,† and generally, in society, is thought of as discrimination against elders more so than children. This differs from other forms of discrimination such as racism, or sexism, because ageing is an inevitable part of life, and therefore everyone will be discriminated against in time. In present-day society, old age is commonly feared, and often times evaded altogether. Dying grey hairs and procedures suchRead More An Overview of Aging and Existing Cultural Differences Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdetrimental to the development of the human life. But not all societies have these stages of life; ergo different cultures define stages differently. The stages of the life course are childhood, adolescence, adulthood, young adulthood and middle adulthood, old age and death. Society thinks of childhood as the first twelve years of life. In most cultures it is known as the time of autonomy from the weight of the grown-up world. But in other societies, such as Taiwan and Indonesia, childhood is seen as anotherRead MoreAn Overview of Aging and Existing Cultural Differences1477 Words   |  6 Pagesto the development of the human life. But not all societies have these stages of life; ergo different cultures define stages differently. The stages of the life course are childhood, adolescence, adulthood, young adulthood and middle adulthood, old age and death. Society thinks of childhood as the first twelve years of life. In most cultures it is known as the time of autonomy from the weight of the grown-up world. But in other societies, such as Taiwan and Indonesia, childhood is seen as anotherRead MoreAging And Its Effects On The Aging1360 Words   |  6 PagesAlso spelled as ageing, this is generally the process of becoming old. It is the in a way the opposite of immortality. In a broader aspect, it may occur to single cells in an organism also called cellular senescence or the population of a species, known as population ageing. This process primarily affects human beings and fungi. In humans, it signifies the accumulation of various changes which occur over time. The changes include physical, social and psychological changes. Causes of aging are very

Technology as a Replacement of Human Resources Free Essays

TECHNOLOGY AS THE REPLACEMENT OF HUMAN RECOUSES| | | M. Umar Touseef| | 11029373| 12/14/2011| | â€Å"TECHNOLOGY AS A REPLACEMENT OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES† There is almost no place that you can go where technology hasn’t been used. Technology affects our daily lives in everything that we do; it saves time, creates a world of endless learning, and makes traveling to halfway around the world effortless. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology as a Replacement of Human Resources or any similar topic only for you Order Now Technology greatly reduces the time it takes to perform lives everyday tasks. Daily chores such as mowing the grass or doing the dishes have been reduced from hours to twenty minutes with the invention of the automatic dishwasher and gas powered lawn mower. New technologies have even eliminated the time it takes to read books when you can download the audio book to listen for your iPod. In the work place machines have eliminated many of the hand labors of molding parts and assembling products creating a great surplus of extra hours to finish other works and increasing production. Due to technology, human life has become very easy, efficient, fast and accurate. The machines have taken the place of human beings, every single task which was done by human, is now being done by machines. Now the following questions arise. * What are the basic technologies taking place of human resources? * Do these replacements effecting our traditions, civilizations, religious values and infect each and every profession of our lives? * To what extent these replacements are dangerous? * How much benefits they are getting from these replacements? These are some things which need to be cleared in my topic, because it is affecting people relating to every profession of life. They can be technical and non-technical. Technology is taking human place in every single profession of life, because of its efficiency, accuracy, smartness and fastness in every field of life. The rate of this replacement is very high because, with the huge pressure of growing population of world, technology is giving better and easy path to humans to deal with this fast era. The technology has changed the people life style. Machines have taken place of the human resources. Human beings are getting advantage of this change. They are using telephone, mobile phones, television, fax, printer, emails, internet, newspapers, and many other things which have changed the entire life of human beings. We can connect to any one in any corner of the world sitting in any other corner of the world using this technology. We can convey our messages in thousands of miles away within a few seconds. Through internet, we can do video calling, as we are sitting before the person actually present in any other corner of the world. We can send our documents to the international companies, using printer, scanner, email, and internet. Today machines are working to calculate the things and doing the task actually that were assigned to human beings in national and international companies previously, and they are doing it accurately, faster and efficiently than man. Heavy machinery, working in factories is also giving a huge output in a little time. The technology is creating the things for recreation and fun. Video games are being generated day by day with new taste and theme, taking in concern the interest of the players. The people of different parts of world are connected by the current and fastest mode of travelling. This is also generating sense of tourism and visiting the far of places, by providing the easy, fastest and convenient mode of travelling and residence. As I have mentioned above that the technology is affecting the people relating to any profession of life, some people are familiar with the terms relating to technology. They have jobs relating to technology. We have some people, who are using technology but actually, they don`t have any concerns with its basics. On the other side we have people they don`t have any touch with the technical life and technical terms. They are not losing any thing as well. They have their other affairs of life. They are getting advantage from them and living their lives well. Technology is not giving them any disadvantage. As we know that a mirror has two sides, one is bright and on is dark. Technology has advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. Due to this replacement, many people have become unemployed. Machines are working instead of human beings. The task, which was done by ten or twenty people, is now done by a single machine, so those ten or twenty people became unemployed at any work place. As ADLAI E. STEVENSON said â€Å"Technology, while adding daily to our physical ease, throws daily another loop of fine wire around our souls. It contributes hugely to our mobility, which we must not confuse with freedom. The extensions of our senses, which we find so fascinating, are not adding to the discrimination of our minds, since we need increasingly to take the reading of a needle on a dial to discover whether we think something is good or bad, or right or wrong. † (ADLAIE. STEVENSON, â€Å"My Faith in Democratic Capitalism,† in Fortune magazine, October 1955) It is reducing the cultural and traditional values. People`s life style has totally changed. Modern technology and the people`s way of living is defeating their interests for the older values. In this fast era, it has become more difficult even to manage a short time for these values and hence, they are decreasing with this gradual change in live style and replacements. Some religious saints and scholars are against this huge replacement. They think that these replacements are taking people away from the religious thoughts and motivations. The factories are working and giving efficient outputs, but on the other hand they have many disadvantages. They are creating pollution. The trees are being cut off to put new factories. The air is being polluted with poisoned gasses and materials. The waste chemicals are being thrown to water resources without any purification of neutralization. The refrigerators, air conditions and cans are ejecting the gasses, which are destroying the ozone layer, and hence increasing the temperature of the earth. So in short on one hand technology has gifted us the marvelous wonders, made our life so easy and given the time saving worksheets but on the other hand it is reducing our religious, cultural, and traditional values. Taking an overall view of both sides of the picture, I have come to the conclusion that in this fast era, the world is directed towards technology. To live a better life, technology has become an important part of our lives and hence, I am in favour of this replacement. References:- Author Name| Link| year| ADLAIE. STEVENSON| http://www. physics. udel. edu/~watson/scen103/quotes. html| October 1955| | | | How to cite Technology as a Replacement of Human Resources, Essay examples Technology as a Replacement of Human Resources Free Essays Group-4 Technology as a replacement of human resources Muhammad bilal khan Uob # 11029363 Year ‘’0’’ 2 Contents: 1. 2. 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology as a Replacement of Human Resources or any similar topic only for you Order Now Complete essay on â€Å"technology as a replacement of human recourses† (from page 3 to page5) Reference list on (page 6) Bibliography list on (page 6) 3 Technology as a replacement of human recourses Yes. Technology replaces human resources in every field of life. Before going into the details let’s understand ourselves that what is technology? And what are human recourses? According to the Wikipedia, Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures (1). That explains the term technology comprehensively. If we look at the human resources then Wikipedia again define these as, Human resources is a term used to describe the individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, although it is also applied in labor economics to, for example, business sectors or even whole nations. Human resources is also the name of the function within an organization charged with the overall responsibility for implementing strategies and policies relating to the management of individuals (2). so this is the all story as for as terms are concerned. Now it’s better to go into the details. That how the technology is going to replace human resources. There are many fields under the huge influence of technology including mining, astronomy, military, robotics, shipping, agriculture, medical diagnosis, computer industry, education, transportation and many other fields. We will go into the details one by one extracting their background into the envelope of future prospective by considering the ground situation of the day as well. Mining is a field where now technology replacing human recourses pretty well. In past mining was carried out by human recourses only and the process contain much danger and require huge amount of money with a lot of time. But now with invention of different machines the scenario is completely changed. Mining is now a game of least danger. More profitable and time saving process. That indicates how technologies replace human recourses in mining. Astronomy is another field where technology dominates over human resources. By definition Astronomy is a natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, nebulae, star clusters and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic background radiation). It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the universe. Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences (3). In past people have no idea that what’s coming on next. Now by the invention of latest telescopes predictions are possible that benefits people a lot. e. g weather forecast prediction etc. In military prospective technology replace human recourses wonderfully. Now winning of a war is a second’s game with least damage. Modern weapons are introduced with 4 greater orientation of results. Invention of atomic bomb even changes the whole psychic of the war. Now the side with latest technology dominates over a side with numberless human recourses. The area where saying â€Å"technology as a replacement of human recourses† is fit perfectly is robotics. Robotics leading almost every branch of our life. Now you don’t care of anything if you have your own personal robot. It can do anything for you. Shipping and transportation are very commonly known fields. People use different ways of Transportation to move from one place to another. And shipping is also use to transfer things or masses across the globe. In old times people had no more options in this respect but now they have. Actually all this is due to technology that replace human recourses on continuous basis. Agriculture is an area that holds greatest human resources. But right now with the invention of modern technologies and in fact machineries like tractors, harvester, Beet harvester, harvester Carrot bin, Combine Conveyor and Corn Cotton pin (4-a) this field completely revolutionized. Now farmers getting benefitted by using modern machineries saving their time, investment and getting more profit. That put positive impact on their lifestyle as well. Another sub area of our lives is health. In past people suffering from different diseases had least options of their survival because of poor arrangements. But now with the arrival of modern techniques and instruments, technology not only replaces but in fact revolutionized the field of health sciences. By using latest techniques and instruments doctors understand the situation of the patients accurately. Here technology enhanced the expertise of human recourses. As everyone knows computers are all about the technology. From a microchip to a macro level hardware all is technology. With the arrival of computers, things changed in a fantastic way. Calculations, which were take hours and hours, now contracted in an interval of nano second. Computer software industry, also contributed in this respect. Software creates much ease for human beings. And their online availability makes them more attractive. People use e–mails for formal and informal contact. Instead of using letter with boring wait Finally the Education. Technology has a wide scope in education. Now a days almost every student aware of technology as a replacement of human recourses. We have a smart example in this respect where human recourses replaced by technology. According to an educational informational sit news. com. au, â€Å"Almost 30 robots have started teaching English to youngsters in a South Korean city† (5). This is a great development towards replacing human recourses by technology. Finally I have to say that technology in spite of its minor side effects yet it never disappoints us as a replacement of human resources. Let’s hope for the best. So many things are being invented in all the fields of our daily life and the jour ney is still going on†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 References and bibliography list list These are some of the web links which are used as reference in the essay (in the form of material) (1)_ http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Technology#Definition_and_usage (2)_ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Human_resources (3)_ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Astronomy (4)_http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_agricultural_machinery (4-a)_lesson# 109 â€Å"simple and complex machines used in agriculture† Authors: Tonja Cargill Pamela Emery (5)_ http://www. news. com. au/technology/english-teachers-replaced-by-robots-in-koreainstitute-of-science-of-technology-project/story-e6frfrnr-1225977348809 ?—————————————————————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€-? 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Social Aspects Of Health Illness Healthcare -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Social Aspects Of Health Illness Healthcare? Answer: Introduction The Marxist Theory was developed by Karl Marx that mainly focuses on the macro-elements of the social structure. According to this theory, a society in inclined over structuralism regarding how individual practices are influenced by the overall structure of the society (Larkin, 2011). The Marxist theory on gender equalities in health was mainly based on the Victorian ideology. In this Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, Marx had stated that the position of women in the society must be used to ascertain the development of society as a whole and this also includes the health status of the society. Marxist feminism mainly focused over dismantling the capitalism concept of the society as a path towards women liberation. According to Marxist theory, economic inequality, political confusion, high rate of dependence and unhealthy social relations are the root behind gender differences in health. The men of the society belong to the class of bourgeoisie and are under the oppression of do minant power structure, creating gender inequality (Kuhn Wolpe, 2012). Marxist theory criticism The approach taken by Marx in the domain of family and women was little divergent in comparison to conventional economics. In Marxian model, women are represented as a part of household who are responsible for bearing and raising children and family. According to the Feminism-Marxist theory, women play a vital role in generating capital via giving birth to the new workforce as a mother thus producing goods in economy (Larkin, 2011). The critique are of the opinion that in this role, women are exploited as free labour and are frequently undervalued in both public and private domain. Critiques are also of the opinion that Marxist feminism mainly focuses on the capitalist features of the society and while distracting the light from the patriarchy that generates and supports inequalities (Larkin, 2011). Personal Reflection I think, gender inequality in the sector of health is one of the pivotal sociological domains that deserve immediate concern. The promotions of gender equality via Marxist theory have promoted women employment but have increase the incidence of infertility, single parent, divorce and neonatal death. The reason behind this is much of the women employment has been in the domain of non-standard jobs. Equal employment opportunity will help in the generation health social relationship via eliminating economic inequality and thereby promoting health. References Kuhn, A., Wolpe, A. (Eds.). (2012).Feminism and materialism: Women and modes of production(Vol. 7). Routledge. Larkin, M. (2011).Social aspects of health, illness and healthcare. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).